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Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman was transferred to the ICC's custody on 9 June 2020, after surrendering himself voluntarily in the Central African Republic. The initial appearance of Mr Abd-Al-Rahman before the ICC took place on 15 June 2020. According to the Prosecution's submission of the Document Containing the Charges, Mr Abd-Al-Rahman is suspected of 31 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity allegedly committed between August 2003 and at least April 2004 in Darfur, Sudan. The confirmation of charges hearing took place from 24 to 26 May 2021.
On 9 July 2021, Pre-Trial Chamber II confirmed all the charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity brought by the Prosecutor against Ali Muhammad Abd-Al-Rahman and committed him to trial.
The trial in the case opened before Trial Chamber I on 5 April 2022. 56 witnesses appeared in the courtroom during the presentation of the Prosecution’s case and the Prosecution has finished presenting its evidence. On 5 June 2023, the common Legal Representatives of Victims made an opening statement. On 5-7 June and 16-17 October 2023, they were authorised to call one witness and participating victims to provide their views before the Chamber. The Defence called 18 witnesses before the Chamber and has finished the presentation of its evidence. The closing statements in the trial took place on 11-13 December 2024. On 6 October 2025, Trial Chamber I found Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman guilty of 27 counts of crimes against humanity and war crimes, in Darfur, Sudan, between August 2003 and April 2004.
On 9 December, Trial Chamber I sentenced Mr Abd-Al-Rahman to 20 years of imprisonment. The time spent in detention, from 9 June 2020 onwards, will be deducted from his sentence. Mr Abd-Al-Rahman will remain in the ICC detention centre until the ICC designates a country to serve his sentence.
Next steps: On 6 November 2025, the Defence of Mr Abd-Al-Rahman filed its notice of appeal against the judgment in the case. The Defence and Prosecution filed their notices of appeal against the sentence on 8 and 9 January 2026, respectively. The Appeals Chamber will rule on these appeals in due course. On 9 December 2025, Trial Chamber I issued an order for submissions on reparations, with the relevant timeline and guidance for this process in this case.
The first warrant for arrest for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir was issued on 4 March 2009, the second on 12 July 2010. The suspect is still at large.
Next steps: Until Omar Al Bashir is arrested and transferred to the seat of the Court in The Hague, the case will remain in the Pre-Trial stage. The ICC does not try individuals unless they are present in the courtroom.
Q&A REGARDING APPEALS CHAMBER’S 6 MAY 2019 JUDGMENT IN THE JORDAN REFERRAL RE AL-BASHIR APPEAL
The warrant of arrest for Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz Ag Mohamed Ag Mahmoud was issued on 27 March 2018. He was surrendered to the ICC on 31 March 2018. He is in the Court's custody. The confirmation of charges hearing took place from 8 to 17 July 2019. On 30 September 2019, Pre-Trial Chamber I issued a confidential decision confirming the charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity brought by the Prosecutor against Mr Al Hassan and committed him to trial. The redacted version of the decision was published on 13 November 2019. On 23 April 2020, Pre-Trial Chamber I partially granted the Prosecutor's request to modify the charges against Mr Al Hassan; the redacted version of this decision was published on 11 May 2020. The trial opened on 14-15 July 2020, including with the opening statement of the Prosecutor.
The trial resumed on 8 September 2020, when the Prosecution started to present its evidence and call its witnesses before the judges. 52 oral witnesses were called by the Prosecution at this stage.
On 8 February 2022, the Legal Representatives of Victims made their opening statements before the judges. From 8 to 10 February 2022, the Legal Representatives called two witnesses to testify.
On 9 May 2022, the Defence of Mr Al Hassan made its opening statement before Trial Chamber X. The first Defence witness started testifying on 10 May 2022. 22 Defense witnesses appeared in court, the last having completed testimony on 3 November 2022. On 6 February 2023, the Defence notified the judges of the closure of its presentation of evidence. On 8 February 2023, Trial Chamber X declared the closure of the submission of evidence in this case and participants were requested to file their final briefs.
The closing statements of the Office of the Prosecutor, the Legal Representatives of Victims, and the Defence are scheduled took place from 23 to 25 May 2023.
On 26 June 2024, Trial Chamber X, by majority, convicted Mr Al Hassan of some of the charges brought against him of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed between 2 April 2012 and 29 January 2013 in Timbuktu, northern Mali, controlled at that time by the armed groups Ansar Dine and Al-Qaida in Islamic Maghreb.
On 20 November 2024, Trial Chamber X sentenced Mr Al Hassan to 10 years of imprisonment. The time spent in detention, from 28 March 2018 to 20 November 2024, will be deducted from his sentence.
On 17 December 2024, both the Defence and the Prosecutor discontinued their appeals against the guilty verdict and will not appeal the sentence.
On 23 July 2025, a panel of three judges of the Appeals Chamber decided to reduce Mr Al Hassan's 10-year sentence of imprisonment by 12 months. The date for the completion of his sentence is set to 28 March 2027.
Mr Al Hassan will remain in the ICC detention centre until the ICC designates a country to serve his sentence.
Next steps: On 28 April 2026, Trial Chamber X delivered its reparations order for victims against Mr Al Hassan. The Chamber instructed the ICC Trust Fund for Victims to prepare a Draft Implementation Plan, which should be submitted for the Chamber’s approval by 25 January 2027. The Defence and the Legal Representatives of the Victims may appeal the Reparations Order within 30 days.
Found guilty, sentenced to 9 years. Reparations Order for victims pronounced by judges and is final.
Accused makes an admission of guilt at trial opening
On 22 August 2016, the trial in the case The Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi opened before Trial Chamber VIII at the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague, the Netherlands. Mr Al Mahdi admitted guilt as to the war crime consisting in the destruction of historical and religious monuments in Timbuktu (Mali), between around 30 June 2012 and 11 July 2012. This is the first international trial focusing on the destruction of historical and religious monuments, and the first ICC case where the defendant made an admission of guilt.
The first warrant of arrest was issued on 15 August 2017.
The second arrest warrant was issued on 4 July 2018.
On 15 June 2022, ICC Pre-trial Chamber I terminated proceedings against Mahmoud Mustafa Busayf Al-Werfalli, following the Prosecution’s notification of his passing and request to withdraw the warrants of arrest.
Guilty verdicts on 19 October 2016 and sentences on 22 March 2017. Appeals on verdict and sentence on 8 March 2018. New sentences for Mr Bemba, Mr Mangenda and Mr Kilolo pronounced on 17 September 2018. Convictions and acquittals in relation to all five accused are now final. Imprisonment sentences were served.
The warrant of arrest was issued under seal against Paul Gicheru and Philip Kipkoech Bett on 10 March 2015 and unsealed on 10 September 2015, for offences against the administration of justice consisting in corruptly influencing witnesses regarding cases from the situation in Kenya. On 11 December 2020, Pre-Trial Chamber A severed the cases against Paul Gicheru and Philip Kipkoech Bett. Philip Kipkoech Bett is not in ICC custody.
Next steps: Until Philip Kipkoech Bett is arrested and transferred to the seat of the Court in The Hague, the case will remain in the Pre-Trial stage. The ICC does not try individuals unless they are present in the courtroom.
On 10 February 2025, the Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC applied for an arrest warrant against Mr Duterte for the crimes against humanity of murder, torture and rape. ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I (“the Chamber”) assessed the material submitted by the Prosecution and found reasonable grounds to believe that Mr Duterte is individually responsible as an indirect co-perpetrator for the crime against humanity of murder, allegedly committed in the Philippines between 1 November 2011 and 16 March 2019.
The warrant of arrest against Mr Duterte was issued by the Chamber as “Secret” on 7 March 2025 and reclassified as “Public” on 11 March 2025. On 12 March 2025, Mr Duterte was surrendered to the International Criminal Court after being arrested by the authorities of the Republic of the Philippines in accordance with the warrant of arrest.
The initial appearance of Mr Duterte took place on 14 March 2025. Mr Duterte appeared in the hearing via video link, as authorised by the Chamber. On 8 September 2025, Pre-Trial Chamber I postponed the commencement of the confirmation hearing in the case, which had been initially scheduled to start on 23 September 2025.
Following a request from the Defence of Mr Duterte for an indefinite adjournment of the proceedings alleging that Mr Duterte is not fit to stand trial, the majority of the Chamber considered that a limited postponement of the hearing on the confirmation of charges was warranted to allow sufficient time to adjudicate the request and related matters.
On 26 January 2026, Pre-Trial Chamber I found Mr Rodrigo Roa Duterte fit to take part in the pre-trial proceedings and rejected the Defence’s request for an indefinite adjournment. Having regard to the relevant legal principles, the medical assessment of a panel of three independent medical experts and all of the relevant circumstances of the case, the Chamber was satisfied that Mr Duterte is able effectively to exercise his procedural rights and is therefore fit to take part in the pre-trial proceedings, which are thereby resumed.
The confirmation of charges hearing took place from 23 to 27 February 2026. After hearing the oral submissions of the Prosecutor, the Common Legal Representatives of the Victims and the Defence, the judges heard their respective closing statements. The hearing on the confirmation of charges took place in the absence of the suspect following the Chamber granting Mr Duterte's request to waive his right to attend the hearing.
On 23 April 2026, Pre-Trial Chamber I unanimously confirmed all the charges comprised of three counts of crimes against humanity brought by the Prosecutor against Rodrigo Roa Duterte and committed him to trial before a Trial Chamber.
Next steps: The opening of the trial is scheduled for 30 November 2026. Before the opening of the trial, the Chamber will address all pending matters and adopt the procedures necessary to facilitate the fair and expeditious conduct of the proceedings. Practical information for the trial proceedings, including webstreaming and possible attendance, will be circulated closer to the trial date.
Public redacted version of ‘Decision on the confirmation of charges against Mr Rodrigo Roa Duterte’